• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A fuel injector head (14, 86) for a fuel nozzle used in a gas turbine combustor includes a substantially hollow body (20) having an upstream end wall (22), a downstream end wall (24, 88), and a front end wall formed therebetween extending peripheral wall (26). Several premix channels (28, 92), in particular premix tubes, extend axially through the hollow body (20) and have inlets (30) on the upstream end wall (22) and outlets (32, 92) on the downstream end wall (24, FIG. 88). The outer surface of the downstream end wall (88) is formed with three-dimensional surface features (90) that increase an overall surface area compared to a substantially planar, planar downstream end wall (24).
    公开号:CH703548B1
    申请号:CH00965/11
    申请日:2011-06-07
    公开日:2016-02-29
    发明作者:Jong Ho Uhm；Thomas Edward Johnson；Kwanwoo Kim；Baifang Zuo
    申请人:Gen Electric；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates generally to gas turbine combustion technology, and more particularly to a fuel injector head for a fuel injector optimized for high-hydrogen rich fuel combustion in a gas turbine engine.
    Background to the invention
    In combustion processes using hydrogen-rich fuel, certain conventional gas turbine fuel injectors are used to reduce NOX emissions. These nozzles have an injection head containing a plurality of thin combustion air tubes or channels enclosed between upstream and downstream plates and surrounded by a peripheral wall, forming a hollow body serving as a fuel collecting space. The tubes usually contain in the walls of the tubes a plurality of very fine, shallow-angle holes through which fuel from the hollow body can be injected into the interior of the tubes, the fuel and air before exiting the tubes and entering be mixed in the combustion chamber. A fuel injector of this type is disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 7,007,478, issued Mar. 7, 2006. Another fuel injector of this type, which is formed with a one-piece monolithic injection head, is disclosed in a co-pending patent of the same assignee, US 8,181,891.
    In general, a hydrogen-rich flame is stabilized behind the end wall of the injection nozzle main body and / or behind the ejection surface surrounding the injection nozzle body. However, the ejection surface is restricted by the plurality of injector heads arranged in a solid tube combustion chamber to overcome the large pressure drop occurring through the tube bundles. As a result, only the end wall portion of the injector head can be used for hydrogen rich flame stabilization. Conventional injector heads also have only limited areas to stabilize the flame. It would therefore be desirable to develop ways to improve the design of an injector head to further optimize the stabilization of a high-hydrogen combustion flame, improve the flashback risk, and further reduce NOX emissions.
    Brief description of the invention
    The invention provides a fuel injection head according to claim 1.
    The invention will now be described in more detail in connection with the drawings below.
    Brief description of the drawings
    [0006]<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> illustrates in a perspective view a known fuel injector,<Tb> FIG. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged, downstream, partially sectioned partial view of the fuel injector head of FIG. 1; FIG.<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> illustrates a flame recirculation characteristic based on a flat end wall portion of the fuel injection head construction of FIG. 2;<Tb> FIG. FIG. 4 illustrates a flame recirculation characteristic according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention based on a newly developed end wall portion of a fuel injection head; FIG.<Tb> FIG. 5 shows a partial end view of a fuel injector with surface features according to an exemplary, but non-limiting embodiment of the invention;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 6 shows a partial end view of a fuel injector with surface features according to another exemplary but non-limiting embodiment of the invention;<Tb> FIG. 7 <SEP> illustrates in a partial end view of a fuel injection head a combination of the surface features illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6;<Tb> FIG. Figure 8 shows a partial end view of a fuel injector with surface features according to yet another exemplary but non-limiting embodiment of the invention; and<Tb> FIG. Figure 9 shows a partial end view of a fuel injector with surface features according to yet another exemplary, but non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
    Detailed description of the invention
    Fig. 1 shows a gas turbine fuel injector 10 having a fuel nozzle body 12 and a fuel injection head 14, which are connected by a centrally disposed fuel inlet pipe 16. The injector head 14 is attached to the downstream end 18 of the fuel inlet tube 16 with the leading edge of the fuel inlet tube adjacent an inner annular shoulder (not shown) in the center of the injector head 14. It should be noted that terms such as "upstream" and "downstream" as used herein refer to a direction of flow of air and fuel through the fuel injector 10 and into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine combustor (not shown).
    It will be appreciated that usually a plurality of nozzles 10 are adapted to supply a mixture of fuel and air to the combustion chamber. In one known turbine design, an annular group (often referred to as a "ring-tube" group) of such combustors of a first stage of the turbine supplies combustion gases by means of a matching number of transition pieces or channels. Typically, the bottoms of the nozzles 12 in each combustor are attached to a combustor end cover (not shown), and the fuel injectors 14 are supported in the combustor by a front cap assembly (not shown). The present invention relates to design changes to the outer rear (or downstream) end wall structure of the fuel injection head 14.
    2, the fuel injection head 14 is formed as a substantially hollow body 20 with an upstream end wall 22 and a rear or downstream end wall 24 which are substantially parallel to each other and an axially intermediate therebetween annular peripheral wall 26 have. Internal (also referred to as premix tubes) air supply channels, particularly tubes 28, extend between the upstream and downstream end walls 22, 24 and have a substantially uniform diameter throughout from the upstream inlets 30 to the downstream outlets 32, although the inlets 30 may be flared (ie, formed in the shape of a bell mouth) outwardly to facilitate air flow into and through the tubes. The premix channels 28, particularly premix tubes, may be arranged in annular concentric rows with the premix channels 28, particularly premix tubes, of each predetermined row offset circumferentially from the premix channels, particularly premix tubes, of an adjacent row. However, it will be understood that the invention is not limited by any particular arrangement of premix channels 28, particularly premix tubes, in the hollow body 20.
    The center of the hollow body 20 is open at the upstream end wall 22, so that an inlet opening is provided to receive the fuel inlet pipe 16, so that the hollow body interior 34 through which the premixing channels 28, in particular premix tubes extend fuel is supplied.
    An inner baffle plate (not shown) may be formed in the hollow body 20. The baffle plate extends radially outwardly from a central portion of the hollow body 20 at a location between the upstream and downstream end walls 22, 24, respectively, with most but not all of the premix channels 28, particularly premix tubes, passing therethrough. The baffle plate may be angled relative to the downstream end wall 24 or be substantially parallel and terminate short of the outer peripheral wall 26, wherein between the baffle plate and the hollow base body peripheral wall 26, a radial gap remains.
    In each of the premix channels 28, in particular premix tubes, at least one, and preferably a group of fuel injection openings 38 are formed, e.g. in each tube four, evenly spaced around the circumference of the corresponding tube. The fuel injection ports 38 are located substantially in a common plane parallel to the upstream and downstream end walls 22, 24 of the hollow body 20 and located upstream of the inner baffle plate. The fuel injection ports 38 may be inclined in the flow direction, ie, the ports may be angled radially inward in the downstream direction (at slight acute angles, for example 15 °, with respect to the centerline of the corresponding premixing channel 28, in particular premixing tube) the fuel flow through the injection openings 38 has a velocity component in the direction of the air flowing through the premixing channels 28, in particular premix tubes. However, it is understood that the injection ports 38 could extend at any angle between 15 ° and substantially 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axes of the premix channels 28, particularly premix tubes. The inner baffle plate effectively divides the hollow body 20 into upstream and downstream collection spaces connected by the radial gap between the outer end of the baffle plate and the hollow peripheral body wall 26.
    With the exception of the outlets 32 of the premix channels 28, in particular premix tubes, the downstream or rear end wall 24 of the fuel injection head 14 is closed so that high pressure hydrogen fuel exiting the fuel inlet tube 16 enters the regions 34 between the premix channels 28, especially premix tubes. flow into the downstream fuel plenum and then flow back through the radial gap into the upstream plenum. This fuel path tends to equalize the fuel pressure at the inlet ends of the fuel injection ports 38, and thus distributes the fuel substantially evenly to the premixing channels 28, particularly premix tubes. The high pressure hydrogen fuel will flow through the fuel injection ports 38 and into the premixing channels 28, particularly premix tubes, where the fuel and air premix before exiting the fuel injection head 14 at the rear end wall 24 and entering the combustion chamber.
    It has been found that the mixing of fuel and air and the flame stabilization can be improved by increasing the surface size of the end wall 24 of the fuel injection 14 and that flame retention and flashback inside the Vormischkanäle, especially premix tubes, especially in the case of combustion with high hydrogen content, avoid. FIG. 3 illustrates the flame recirculation characteristics of the conventional fuel injector head construction described above and shown in FIG. Fig. 4 illustrates the flame recirculation characteristic of a fuel injection head according to a first exemplary, but non-limiting embodiment of this invention. As explained in more detail below, the end wall of the fuel injection head has been formed with three-dimensional surface concavities (one shown at 44) which allow for extended or prolonged recirculation, which improves mixing of fuel and air, so that flame retention and flashback are reduced Premix channels 28, in particular premix tubes are avoided. In addition, due to improved flame stabilization and reduced flashback risk, NOX emissions are reduced.
    In each of the arrangements described below, the fuel injector end wall size has been increased as compared to a substantially planar, planar end wall having no surface concavities, resulting in extension and extension of the recirculation area caused by aerodynamically stable vortices as described a comparison of Fig. 3 and 4 can be seen.
    It is clear that there are many ways to increase the surface size of the end wall 42 of the fuel injection head 40. For example, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the rear end wall 42 of the fuel injection head 40 may be formed with a series of recesses 44 in the form of circular circumferential grooves disposed radially between adjacent annular rows 46 of outlets 50 of the premixing channels 46, in particular premix tubes are. The depth and width of the grooves 44 may vary depending on particular applications.
    6, the surface size of the rear end wall 52 of the fuel injection head 54 is formed with a series of substantially radially extending grooves 56 formed circumferentially between adjacent substantially radial rows 58 of outlets of the premixing channels 60, in particular premix tubes. 60 are arranged.
    In Fig. 7, the fuel injection head 62 is formed with annular grooves 64 (which are similar to grooves 44) combined with substantially radial grooves 66 to form a grid pattern with intersections 68 centered with respect to each group are formed on four outlets to the premix channels 70, in particular premix tubes.
    Fig. 8 illustrates a pattern of depressions formed on the rear end wall 72 of the fuel injection head 74. The wells may be variously shaped, including, for example, round wells 76, oval wells 80, elongated oval wells 82, and the like. The recesses on the injector head 74 may comprise a group of one of these molds or any combination of two or more of such molds and may be formed in any desired pattern around the end wall 72 in regions disposed between the outlets of the premix channels 84, particularly premix tubes.
    The width of the annular and radial grooves, the diameter of the recesses and the depth of both the grooves and the recesses may preferably be in the range of about 0.1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the premix channels, in particular premix tubes ,
    Figure 9 illustrates yet another embodiment of a fuel injector head 86 wherein the end wall 88 is formed in regions between each group of four surrounding outlets of premix channels 92, particularly premix tubes, having irregularly shaped depressions 90. Thus, the recesses 90 have boundaries connecting the four surrounding premix channels, particularly premix tubes, forming a grid pattern of indentations, the indentations covering the entire surface of the end wall 88 except for a closed center region 94 in which no premix channels, especially premix tubes, are also included , effectively occupy.
    While the invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment which is presently believed to be best practiced, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described.
    A fuel injector head 14 for a fuel nozzle 10 used in a gas turbine combustor has a substantially hollow body 20 formed with an upstream end wall 22, a downstream end wall 24, and a peripheral wall 26 extending therebetween , Several premix channels 28, particularly premix tubes, extend axially through the hollow body and have inlets 30 at the upstream end wall and outlets 32 at the downstream end wall. An outer surface of the downstream end wall is formed with three-dimensional surface features 44, 56, 64, 76, 80, 82, 90 that increase an overall surface area compared to a substantially planar planar downstream end wall.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0024]<Tb> fuel <September> 10<Tb> fuel injection head <September> 14<Tb> inlet pipe <September> 16<tb> Hollow Body <SEP> 20<tb> upstream end wall <SEP> 22<tb> Downstream bulkhead <SEP> 24<tb> Peripheral Wall <SEP> 26<tb> premix channels, especially premix tubes <SEP> 28<Tb> inlets <September> 30<Tb> outlets <September> 32<Tb> interior <September> 34<Tb> injection ports <September> 38<Tb> ring grooves <September> 44<tb> Adjacent annular rows <SEP> 46<tb> Radial grooves <SEP> 56, 66<Tb> ring grooves <September> 64<tb> Concave pits <SEP> 76, 80, 82, 90
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A fuel injector head (14) for a fuel nozzle (10) used in a gas turbine combustor, comprising:a substantially hollow body (20) formed with an upstream end wall (22), a downstream end wall (24) and a peripheral wall (26) extending therebetween;a plurality of premix channels (28), in particular premix tubes extending axially through the hollow body, with inlets (30) on the upstream end wall and outlets (32) on the downstream end wall; andwherein an outer surface of the downstream end wall (24) is formed with three-dimensional surface features (44, 56, 64, 76, 80, 82, 90) which increase an overall surface area to allow for extended recirculation of fuel flowing out of the outlets (32). Air mixture, which improves the mixing of the fuel and the air compared to a substantially planar, planar downstream end wall.
    [2]
    The fuel injector of claim 1, further comprising a central opening in the upstream end wall (22) adapted to receive a fuel inlet pipe (16) for supplying fuel to the substantially hollow body (20), and wherein in each of the premixing channels (28), in particular premix tubes, fuel injection openings (38) are formed so that thereby the fuel from the substantially hollow body (20) in the plurality of premixing channels (28), in particular premix tubes inject.
    [3]
    The fuel injector of claim 1, wherein the plurality of premix channels (28), particularly premix tubes, are arranged in concentric circular rows, wherein premix tubes or channels of one row are circumferentially offset from premix tubes or channels of an adjacent row.
    [4]
    The fuel injector of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional surface features include a plurality of substantially concave recesses (76, 80, 82).
    [5]
    5. The fuel injector of claim 4, wherein the plurality of substantially concave recesses (76, 80, 82) are round or oval shaped.
    [6]
    6. The fuel injection head of claim 4, wherein the plurality of substantially concave recesses (90) each have an irregular shape, and wherein the entire space between a group of four surrounding premix channels, in particular premix tubes, is substantially filled.
    [7]
    The fuel injector of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional surface features include a plurality of substantially concentric annular grooves (44).
    [8]
    8. The fuel injector of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional surface features include a plurality of substantially radially aligned grooves (56).
    [9]
    9. The fuel injector of claim 7, wherein the three-dimensional surface features further include a plurality of substantially radially aligned grooves (66) intersecting the plurality of concentric annular grooves (64).
    [10]
    10. The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein the surface features include annular grooves (44), radial grooves (56) and / or concave depressions (76, 80, 82), wherein a width dimension of the circular and / or radial grooves, a diameter of the recesses and or a depth dimension of the grooves and / or depressions in a range of 0.1 to 1.5 times a diameter of the Vormischkanäle (28), in particular Vormischröhren lie.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN102374535B|2015-11-25|
    CH703548A2|2012-02-15|
    DE102011050781A1|2012-02-16|
    JP2012042194A|2012-03-01|
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    US20120036856A1|2012-02-16|
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    CN102374535A|2012-03-14|
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    法律状态:
    2017-03-15| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH GLOBAL PATENT, CH |
    2022-01-31| PL| Patent ceased|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/855,801|US8511092B2|2010-08-13|2010-08-13|Dimpled/grooved face on a fuel injection nozzle body for flame stabilization and related method|
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